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{ ARRAY array = (ARRAY) parameters [0]; int[] indexes = (int[]) parameters [1]; Object[] arrayInJava = (Object[])array.getArray(); Object arrayElement = null; int i=0; for( i=0; i < arrayInJava.length; i++ ) { arrayElement = arrayInJava[ indexes[i] ]; } } We override the second method to use the method getOracleArray() of the ARRAY class. Again, we retrieve each object based on the random indexes we generated in the int array: public void secondMethod( Connection conn, Object[] parameters ) throws Exception { ARRAY array = (ARRAY) parameters [0]; int[] indexes = (int[]) parameters [1]; Datum[] arrayElements = (Datum[])array.getOracleArray(); int i=0; Object arrayElement = null; for( i=0; i < arrayElements.length; i++ ) { arrayElement = arrayElements[ indexes[i] ]; } } We override the third method to use the method getResultSet() of the ARRAY class. In this case, since the ResultSet does not allow us to index into an array element, we just retrieve the objects in sequence. Perhaps an improvement on the benchmark would be to use the positioning methods of the ResultSet interface to actually position the cursor on an element and then retrieve it. public void thirdMethod( Connection conn, Object[] parameters ) throws Exception { ARRAY array = (ARRAY) parameters [0]; int numOfRecordsRetrieved = 0; ResultSet rset = null; try { rset = array.getResultSet(); while( rset.next() ) { Object arrayElement = rset.getObject(2); numOfRecordsRetrieved++; }

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Applications communicate with relational databases using Structured Query Language (SQL). Each time you create tables, create relationships, insert new records, or update or delete existing ones, you are explicitly or implicitly issuing SQL statements to the database. The examples in this chapter use a dialect of Standard SQL, called Transact-SQL (T-SQL), used by SQL Server and SQL Server Express. SQL has syntax to define the structure of a database schema (loosely speaking, a collection of data tables and their relations) and also syntax to manage the data within. These subsets of SQL are called Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML), respectively. The most important DDL statements are the following: CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLE CREATE/DROP VIEW

These attributes result in the corresponding COM+ roles that are created (see Figure 7-10).

} finally { JDBCUtil.close( rset); } } The method _checkProgramUsage() simply sets global variables based on passed commandline parameters. These global variables indicate if auto-indexing and auto-buffering are enabled or disabled for a given run: private static void _checkProgramUsage( String[] args ) { if( args.length != 1 && args.length != 2 && args.length != 3 ) { System.out.println( "Usage: java <program_name> <database_name> [true|false][true|false]." + " The second parameter (optional) sets the autobuffering mode on or off" + " The third parameter (optional) sets the autoindexing mode on or off"); System.exit(1); } if( args.length >= 2 ) { autoBufferingFlag = Boolean.valueOf( args[1] ).booleanValue(); } if( args.length == 3 ) { autoIndexingFlag = Boolean.valueOf( args[2] ).booleanValue(); } System.out.println( "auto buffering flag: " + autoBufferingFlag ); System.out.println( "auto indexing flag: " + autoIndexingFlag ); } private static boolean autoBufferingFlag = false; private static boolean autoIndexingFlag = false; private static final String GET_ARRAY_DESC = "getArray()"; private static final String GET_ORACLE_ARRAY_DESC = "getOracleArray()"; private static final String GET_RESULT_SET_DESC = "getResultSet()"; } Table 11-2 shows the elapsed times for these three methods with auto-indexing and autobuffering disabled.

ADO.NET is the central database access machinery in the .NET Framework, and it provides full XML support, disconnected and typed datasets, scalability, and high performance. In this section, we give a brief overview of the ADO.NET fundamentals.

Table 11-2. Comparing getArray(), getOracleArray(), and getResultSet() Methods for Different Combinations of Auto-indexing and Auto-buffering

Figure 7-10. Roles created in COM+ with .NET assembly-level attributes Role membership can now be enforced via either declarative aspects or imperative code. The declarative option is attractive, as it saves you from pushing complex conditional logic

getArray() getOracleArray() getResultSet() getArray() getOracleArray() getResultSet() getArray() getOracleArray() getResultSet() getArray() getOracleArray() getResultSet()